A mathematical model was developed describing bending of a metal plate exposed to pulsed laser irradiation and taking into account transition of the irradiated layer from elastic to plastic region and vice versa. In contrast to other known models, this particular one predicts time evolution of bending plate movements and includes optimization of final deformation with respect to input laser energy.Several mathematical models were developed which enable shape determination of various bodies employing the principle of laser triangulation. As distinguished from earlier models they are valid for laser projectors, which emit light in the form of light planes or curved light surfaces. In addition, several new models for calibration of triangulation measuring devices and systems were developed employing calibration bodies of known shape and dimensions.Anamorphic optics was studied within the framework of basic research. On this basis a device was developed which improves precision in measurement of flat objects with high width to height ratio (less than 10:1). A novel method was developed which enabled quantitative characterization of wear of electrode tips used in resistance spot welding (RSW). The method is based on measurement of electode tip indentation into the weldpiece employing a laser triangulation model and frequency domain image analysis. The method allows determination of characteristic dimensions of weld indentation even on highly reflective weldpiece surfaces (e.g. zinc coated).A new form of laser defelction probe was developed which is based on multiple transitions of the probe beam through the medium under study. In contrast to the established deflection probe realization this partucular one allows measurement of temperature and pressure profiles of optoacoustic waves.A nev optodynamic method was developed which is based on laser excitation and detection of ultrasound in fluids and opens ways for determination of various physical properties which are relatoed to ultrasound propagation.