In the field of mineral bioaccumulation the ability of increased bioaccumulation of Cr and Se in yeast biomass was investigated. Some mechanisms of mineral uptake by yeast cell and metabolic response of the cells to stress situations, like exposure to Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions, were highlighted. Different bioprocess and sensor techniques for direct measuring of metabolic events in microbial populations studied were developed for that purposes. In the field of traditional fermentations we elucidated effect of yeast population dynamics in spontaneous as well as induced must/wine fermentations. Effective system for determination of isolates from grapes and later in fermentor was developed using molecular methods, what contributed to biodiversity preservation. Molecular methods were also developed for food born pathogenic microorganisms, especially from the genera Campylobacter, Listeria in Salmonella.