This research program aims at building theoretical knowledge as well as at developing knowledge that facilitates applications in manufacturing organisations. The competitiveness of Slovenian manufacturing organisations depends on their ability to manage engineering knowledge and advanced manufacturing technology. The research outcomes of the Manufacturing system design and metrology research group contribute to the creation of knowledge that enables manufacturing organisations to transfer research and technology competencies into competitive advantage and to exploit strategic opportunities. This knowledge results form in-depth field research (methodology) in manufacturing organisations. It is, therefore, relevant for practical implications. The developed knowledge aims at increasing competitiveness of Slovenian manufacturing organisations and fostering technological innovativeness. It is important to emphasise that knowledge developed within this research program presents the core knowledge for the Engineering management education program, which is held by the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and the Faculty of Business and Economics. By creating new calibration procedures we have enabled international comparability of calibration results of very important standards and measuring systems. It will enable better integration of the Slovene metrological system in the international metrology infrastructure. However, Slovene industry will have better chances in international trade, especially in the field of product conformity assessment by raising Slovene metrology reputation. Expansion and a better quality of the standard basis enables better metrology capabilities in industry and therefore also faster technological growth in the field products with precise geometry. Industrial requirements of geometry measurements in an uncertainty range of 100 nm are growing. This causes problems in the calibration of very precise measuring instruments used for such measurements. Such an area is electronic microscopy. We shall also stress that the Laboratory for Production Measurement is a holder of the national standard for length (by the decree of MIRS) and is therefore responsible for the technical status in this area in Slovenia and also for co-ordination of activities with Euromet and BIPM. The basis for this activity is international accreditation by which we are continuously proving top competence and quality of the research results.