The paper presents the analysis of existing bilingual Slovenian-Hungarian dictionaries, which was made as part of the project aiming to design a concept for a new comprehensive Slovenian-Hungarian dictionary. First, a short historical overview of Slovenian-Hungarian lexicography is provided, including first collections of dialect vocabulary, glossaries, and collections and dictionaries of idioms. Then, an overview of Slovenian-Hungarian and Hungarian-Slovenian dictionaries is made, the first one being published in 1961. The paper then focuses on a comparison on three Slovenian-Hungarian dictionaries, which are currently used by majority of users, namely Slovenian-Hungarian part of the dictionary by Elizabeta Bernjak (1995), Slovenian-Hungarian dictionary by Jože Hradil (1996), and Slovenian-Hungarian part of the Hradil's bidirectional dictionary. The dictionaries are compared in terms of size, headword list, coverage, headword presentation, grammar information, as well as in terms of other elements of dictionary microstructure such as translations and examples. The discussion section includes an analysis of the coverage offered by the dictionaries of the vocabulary compiled by teachers at bilingual schools in Prekmurje. The results indicate that the coverage of various levels of vocabulary, frequent or rare, is rather poor; as dictionaries are medium-sized and outdated, this is to be expected, however as the analysis shows, some basic concepts are also often not covered (e.g. research, death, allergy). The second part of the discussion is dedicated to the presentation of selected examples of good practice in bilingual lexicography, such as Comprehensive English-Slovenian dictionary Oxford-DZS as the first bilingual dictionary in Slovenia to use the corpus-based approach, as well as offer much more contextual information on the headwords. Also presented are English-Spanish online dictionaries by Oxford University Press and Collins, the focus being on the elements that demonstrate the utilization of the advantages of the digital medium.
COBISS.SI-ID: 66259554
The paper presents the results of a survey on the use of different language resources (dictionaries, orthographies, thesauri, etc.) by teachers at bilingual schools in Prekmurje. The survey was conducted as part of the project focused on developing a concept of a new comprehensive Slovenian-Hungarian dictionary. The dictionary aims to meet the needs of a wider community, as well as needs specific to bilingual education. The main aim of the survey was thus to establish how well teachers know language resources available to them, how often they use them during their work, and which types of dictionary information do they find useful. Furthermore, the survey also tried to find out which communication activities in the Hungarian language pose most problems to teachers. The analysis of the survey has shown that majority of teachers know available language resources, and also used them at their work. Due to various problems with communication in Hungarian, teachers need to use a wide variety of language resources, both bilingual and monolingual. The fact that many of the existing resources, especially bilingual ones, are not available in digital form, is definitely a major obstacle. Teachers consider all types of dictionary information to be important/useful, but especially translation equivalents, indication of the correct spelling, explanations of word meanings, and dictionary examples. Importantly, the types of information not available in existing resources, such as audio pronunciation and whole-sentence examples, are considered to be very useful. The survey findings will be considered in the preparation of a new comprehensive Slovenian-Hungarian dictionary, from headword selection to selecting the parts of dictionary microstructure. However, even more important is the fact that the findings have made us consider a more substantial inclusion of contents relevant for language production, gradual publication of the dictionary, prioritizing the compilation of certain types of entries, and compiling (and publishing) entries in layers. Such considerations mean bringing new approaches to Slovenian bilingual lexicography, dictated by lexicographic trends and enabled by state-ofthe-art lexicographic methods.
COBISS.SI-ID: 13583949
The model of bilingual education is one of the two-way models of preserving two languages and cultures. This paper describes the successful implementation of a bilingual education process, with a short developmental span and an emphasis on the key deficiencies of the model. By getting to know two cultures and two social relationships and by understanding them, pupils develop a positive attitude to cultural diversity as well as intercultural relationships. Within the framework of school subjects, we teach professional terminology in both languages and thus educate speakers in a way that they experience linguistic and cultural diversity in the ethnically mixed area of Prekmurje. The model of the two-way preservation of the mother tongue makes sense only if the community and the society benefit from bilingualism, and if important and above-average intercultural and social competences that contribute to peaceful coexistence of different cultures are allowed access. Practice shows that so far these goals have not been fully implemented, that there is no ideal relationship between the languages of instruction and that the desired results are not implemented. We have found that there are two shortcomings in this respect: the incomplete didactic aspect and the inadequate competence of teachers in bilingual educational institutions owing to the lack of possibility of acquiring the appropriate competences, particularly in the Hungarian language. Among the most important means for the efficiency of the language structure acquisition and language use are bilingual textbooks and other teaching aids. Based on these findings, this paper presents cognitive and other skills that enable the integration of a bilingual dictionary into the teaching process. As this is a demanding and important skill, it is crucial that teachers and pupils are trained in this activity. The dictionary as a didactic tool is not merely a means of information but also a basis for the development of skills at various language levels. This is undoubtedly true also for modern, useful dictionaries, designed with innovative lexical approaches and with all the advantages of electronic media in combination with other didactic tools and technologies. We also present two important projects that have improved the situation in bilingual education by developing dictionaries and e-materials, and providing teachers with skills for using them in class. We conclude that teachers and students in bilingual education in Prekmurje are now better equipped for their work. Also, a recently published call for research projects into bilingual education in Slovenia indicates that more improvements to the bilingual education model in Prekmurje can be expected.
COBISS.SI-ID: 66325090
Translation of the novel from Hungarian to Slovenian, the analysis of translation techniques.
COBISS.SI-ID: 22487560
In this paper, we describe the compilation of the Slovene Lexical Database; main focus being on developing the methodology to improve the tools used for lexicographic analysis and to introduce automatic data extraction in the lexicographic process. The semiautomated approach, which was devised in the last stages of database compilation, involved extracting corpus data, i.e. grammatical relations, collocations, examples, and grammatical labels, and conducting lexicographic analysis in the dictionary-writing system rather than in the corpus tool. An evaluation that compared the manual approach with the semi-automatic approach showed that the semi-automatic approach is much quicker and presents the lexicographers with almost all the information they identified as relevant during the manual analysis, as well as additional potentially relevant information for the dictionary entry. The final section of the paper proposes a few avenues for improvement of the semi-automated approach, including the implementation of crowdsourcing and additional post-processing of automatically extracted data.
COBISS.SI-ID: 60424034