The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), that is the world largest research in the field of entrepreneurship, that analyse interrelationships among entrepreneurship in economic development, identifies the situation in individual economies as well as ways to foster the development of entrepreneurship, refers especially to the second pillar of the research programme, since it includes international comparisons in several very different economies as well as at the level of individual economies. GEM research in every participating country/economy is focused on two elements: on entrepreneurial behaviour and on framework conditions in an economy that have an impact on the entrepreneurial activity. The main data base in GEM is the adults population survey (APS) that includes app. 2,000 randomly selected individuals in each participating country, that are between 18 and 64 years old. In all 60 participating countries together 172,983 individuals were included, enabling the research of early-stage entrepreneurship, its' characteristics, relationships and important factors. In Slovenia in 2015 2,009 people were included. To the primary data research also the national experts are included, enabling us the qualitative research of entrepreneurial framework conditions in their impact on entrepreneurial activity. GEM research that tracks the entrepreneurial activity in all phases (nascent, new and established entrepreneur, as well as exits from ent. activity) findings indicates that the motives to enter entrepreneurship are different: some start with the entrepreneurship out of necessity, while others want to explore the business opportunity. This research stresses that the share of necessity-driven entrepreneurs is lower, which is a good news, since necessity-driven early-stage entrepreneurs are on average less development-oriented, they are employing less and are less competitive. Information obtained enables a more comprehensive understanding and valuable insight into the characteristics of the environment and conditions for entrepreneurship.
COBISS.SI-ID: 86200577
This article aims to examine whether any causal relationships exist among different types of entrepreneurial activity and economic growth. The theory and some empirical evidence proved positive outcomes of entrepreneurial activity, but mixed evidence on the role of entrepreneurship in economic growth. For the purposes of empirical testing, a longitudinal analysis was employed for 24 differently developed countries to estimate the relationship between different types of entrepreneurial activity and GDP growth rate, controlling for the impact of countries´ developmental stage and time. The data were obtained from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor database and complemented with data from other international sources. The results confirmed that entrepreneurship activity, especially innovation-oriented one, is correlated with economic growth, but this relationship is influenced by the economy´s developmental stage as well as by specific characteristics of certain years included in the analysis. Our results indicate that governmental interventions cannot be the same for all countries; rather, they have to be adjusted to the specific developmental stage of the national economy and type of entrepreneurship.
COBISS.SI-ID: 12044316
Processes of transferring, interacting, sharing and converting knowledge are of crucial importance in any firm due to their influence on innovations. These processes are especially challenging during the family business succession. A theory-building qualitative study was undertaken to extend our understanding of the dynamics of the knowledge transfer process and its effects on the successor' s innovativeness. The findings of the in-depth analysis of 10 family SMEs show that tacit knowledge transferred from a founder to a successor is important but not sufficient for enhancing the successor's innovativeness. It should be combined with the knowledge gained outside the family business. Several propositions were developed that provide basis for future confirmatory research and have implications for practice by providing useful findings to key stakeholders in family businesses as well as to professionals dealing with innovativenness, knowledge transfer and creation in family businesses
COBISS.SI-ID: 513438338
The price fairness concept is gaining in relevance in the marketing field, as it can be seen as a restraint on unfair exploitation, particularly regarding dynamic pricing techniques. The present paper explores the restraining nature of price fairness perceptions while testing the characteristic behavioral reactions of consumers who perceive price difference as unfair. Furthermore, this study describes the consequences of price fairness perceptions as consumer coping strategies. This study applies an experimental design: 288 participants assess the price fairness of given shopping scenarios and use those assessments to determine their agreement with different kinds of consequential behaviors. This experimental study confirms that price fairness influences not only the intention to buy but also some forms of negative behaviors that directly harm the seller, e.g., negative word of mouth, complaints, and leaving the seller. Findings also confirm that the intensity of price fairness perception correlates with the severity of consequences and that differences exist among consumers with different income levels. The main contribution is in the empirical research of previously merely theoretical propositions concerning factors and consequences of price fairness perceptions. Study confirms that social comparisons play an integral part in determining fairness in the shopping context, reveal that consumers accept and positively assess price increases over time in terms of fairness, and confirm the importance of personal income in both price fairness assessments and in consumers' reactions to unfair prices.
COBISS.SI-ID: 12276508
Monetary policy measures can affect the supply and demand for bank loans through several transmission mechanisms: the credit channel (that encompasses the bank lending channel and the balance sheet channel), the bank capital channel, and the risk-taking channel. This paper aims to provide evidence on whether the bank landing channel in the selected euro area countries as a whole is operational. Unlike the existent studies we test for differences of the bank lending channel relevance for the large and the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). We apply a macro identification strategy to identify loan supply shocks attributable to the banks% balance sheet constraints and use them in a typical monetary policy VAR model to verify the existence of the bank lending channel. Additionally, we provide evidence on how the shocks in loan activity affect output and inflation. The analysis of impulse responses reveals that a negative shock (an increase in the policy rate) leads to a significant increase in credit standards for large enterprises as well as the SMEs. This implies that the restrictive monetary policy shock increases banks% balance sheet constraints and that the banks in the short run respond by tightening credit standards for enterprises. Tightening credit standards shock in turn negatively impacts the growth of business loans. The empirical results thus provide evidence that the bank lending channel is operational. A negative shock to the credit standards reduces output in the short run, yet no significant impact on inflation can be observed. When banks unexpectedly tighten credit standards for SMEs the monetary policy (European central bank) seems to respond in a more pronounced manner (by reducing monetary policy rate more) than when banks tighten credit standards for large enterprises.
COBISS.SI-ID: 12280092