GIS – geographic information system can be described as a "computerised landscape". Such a three‑dimensional computer presentation of the actual landscape is also referred to as a virtual landscape or virtual region. If the landscape consists of elements like rock, water, population, cities, etc., GIS consists of data layers – a digital representation of landscape elements. In the wider sense digital cartography is also a part of GIS: maps are an important part of the GIS data layers. It is characteristic of GIS that it is exceedingly multi‑disciplinary. Today GIS is indispensable for the precise definition of political/administrative borders. In the recent years the GIS methods have also spread to historiography. GIS represents the environment for the georeferencing of historical cartographic materials. Georeferencing is the specification of locations in the physical space, or specification of locations in the sense of spatial projection or system of coordinates. A common reference system is required in order to combine cartographic information from various sources in the GIS software. Several georeferencing techniques can be used to this end. Historical cartography georeferencing is becoming an important method in the international historiography.
B.03 Paper at an international scientific conference
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