Extensive and radical political, economic and social changes marked a period of the second half of the eighties of 20th century in Europe and the world. Signs of the economic, social and political crisis and unsettled national questions were showed more intensely in Yugoslavia after the death of the many years' state and Communist leader Josip Broz Tito in May 1980. Slovene civil society was growing within this time. The Slovene intellectuals (Dr. Jože Pučnik, Dr. Tine Hribar, Dr. Dimitrij Rupel, Dr. Ivo Urbančič and others) published contributions for Slovene national program in the 57th edition of Nova revija (The New Magazine) in 1987. In 1988, the Slovenian political police arrested collaborators of the Mladina magazine Janez Janša, David Tasić, Franci Zavrl and non-commissioned officer of the Yugoslav People's Army Ivan Borštner. They handed them over to Yugoslav army, that accused them of betraying military secret and tried them in foreign language befor a military court in Ljubljana. For the defence of the accused Committee for the Defence of Human Rights was founded, led by Igor Bavčar. In Ljubljana and elsewhere in Slovenia mass protests and rallies punctuated, even before a military court. Authority was no longer able to prevent the establishment of new political organizations. Representatives of the newly emerging political associations and movements announced a joint May Declaration in Ljubljana in May 1989, which marked the political platform of the emerging Slovenian political opposition. It called for a sovereign Slovenian state and the freedom of choice of Slovenes on the external integration.
B.06 Other
COBISS.SI-ID: 37677869The author deals with the spreading of political space, a period of liberalization and flourishing civil society and key processes and events on the way to a plural society. At the end of the eighties, just before the Demos was founded, two consistent and incompatible national-political programs had been formed, which symbolized political polarization. New, alternative 'Alliance' began to integrate in anticipation of democratic elections and a confrontation with a group of socio-political organizations of the League of Communists at the helm. The main part of the paper presents Demos, actor of democratization. Within this period, a special attention to the most prominent personality of Demos Dr. Jože Pučnik, pre-election program, the results of the elections and the creation of new governmental authorities is given. The role of Demos in the independence process is outlined. Demos succeeded in its main intentions. It fulfilled the main objectives, but for the successful transition and more completed and consolidated democratization it ran out of time and political power. The process of introducing of democracy, as the second of Demos’ objectives, was achieved in institutional terms, with the establishment of basic democratic structures. At the same time Demos was a key factor not only in creating a broad consensus on the need for independence of the Slovenian nation, which is reflected in the high outcome of the Slovenian plebiscite on December 23, 1990, but it was also a major player and an instrument of national independence, defense of Slovenian independence in war for Slovenia and its international recognition.
D.10 Educational activities
COBISS.SI-ID: 274238464After the end of the WW II, the authority in Slovenia, was assumed by the communist party. This marked the start of the period of the worst violence against the socalled class enemies. This also applies to agricultural policy and the attitude of the authorities towards the farmers. Agriculture presented not only an economic problem for the authorities, but also a political one. The status of the farmers in the postwar decade was affected by the mandatory delivery (purchase) of surplus produce and livestock, the rationing system and the system of guaranteed supply after 1948, the agrarian reform (1945/46), the establishment of agricultural cooperatives (1946) and the collectivization of agriculture through the establishment of agricultural farming cooperatives following the split from the Cominform; the implementation of the agricultural policy was also influenced by the first fiveyear plan between 1947 and 1951. These administrative measures triggered a wave of dissatisfaction among the farmers, as the authorities did not take into account the actual circumstances, either in the conception or in the implementation stage of the measures. As a result, the farmers resisted these measures in various ways. Failures to observe the regulations or fulfil the obligations lead to a great number of trials in the early postwar years, culminating with the socalled Kulak Trials between 1949 and 1951. In the beginning of the fifties, the authorities gradually began to abolish the administrative measures (purchases, deliveries of produce) and introduced the landholding maximum in 1953.
B.03 Paper at an international scientific conference
COBISS.SI-ID: 37885741World War II cut deeply into the lives of Slovenes. The country was divided up among the three occupiers, while its residents found themselves on two political sides. The people suffered both from the occupation and political confrontations. The long-awaited end of the war brought peace, but the establishing of the new societal order was responsible for new violations of human rights. The author shows through the life story of Ms Anuška Lekan how World War II and the first post-war decade impacted her life. Her story starts with her childhood, when she saw the arrival of Germans to Maribor, and ends in her early adulthood, when after an initial professional path as a teacher with unsuitable characteristic, she emigrated to the United States of America. Her experience is only one of many, but it reveals the challenges brought into everyday life by the turbulent times of the mid 20th century.
B.06 Other
COBISS.SI-ID: 38087725The article presents political processes against members of non-Catholic religious communities in the period of communism in Slovenia. During this period, the Communist Party attempted to implement the Marxist atheist ideology, to limit the influence of religious communities and to control them. Criminal judicial system also engaged in their endeavours. On the basis of judicial records from district courts and the material of the Commission of the Government of the Republic of Slovenia for the Implementation of Redressing of Injustice Act, the author establishes that the post-war authorities carried out multiple politically orchestrated judicial processes, whose victims were both the leaders and members of these communities. In most cases, they were accused of political activities against the state aimed to bring down the existing social order by use of force.
B.06 Other
COBISS.SI-ID: 38087469