The first part of the journal brings the contributions from a scientific conference at the 4th anniversary of the entry into the pit Huda jama, as well as the historical, legal, psychological and philosophical aspects of dealing with post-war mass murders and their consequences that can be felt even today. The four themes (The conceptual definition of totalitarianism, Facts and interpretations, Burial and mourning and Demolishing of taboos of remembrance) involving 17 authors. The second part of the journal brings the contributions from the international conference “Sensitive personal data in the archives of secret police”. Archivists, lawyers and historians write about the gap between the law and practice and the difficult situation in which the archivists and users of archives of the authorities of the former one-party system find themselves. They tried to answer the question how the data, which were generated in the operation of repressive authorities, should be available, since they were acquired mainly in undemocratic manner and with severe violations of human rights.
F.02 Acquisition of new scientific knowledge
COBISS.SI-ID: 269004032Study Centre for National Reconciliation organised on 12.9.2014 a scientific consultation on totalitarian sytems in Slovenia in the 20th century. The results were published in the anthology. Different authors have dealt with violence and totalitarian consequences of violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms. They presented the basic definitions and the activities of the Communist Party in Slovenia, the legal acts adopted by the revolutionary side during the war, the definition of the crime of genocide, the revolutionary violence in the Upper Carniola region, violence against Roma in the Ljubljana Province, Kocevski process, characteristics of trials and administrative measures against farmers, show trials against members of non-Catholic religious communities, comparison of burial and memoracije in Slovenia and in other countries (Spain, The Commonwealth, the U.S., Germany), the influence of totalitarian regimes on the life of an individula case, Udba prison cells in Beethoven street in Ljubljana, revolutionary violence in Loška valley. The consultation involved experts from various fields, historians, lawyers, psychologists, philosophers.
F.02 Acquisition of new scientific knowledge
COBISS.SI-ID: 277322496In May 1945, due to fear of communist repression, 275 Slovenian priests and monks left their homeland and fled abroad, along with many Catholics, representatives and supporters of the traditional pre-war parties and members of the Slovenian Home Guard. Most sought refuge in the British occupation zone in Carinthia (Austria). Already in the second half of May, the British handed over Slovenian Home Guards to Tito's army. Most of them were murdered and ended in mass graves throughout Slovenia. From the camp Viktring 14 chaplains were also killed. The Catholic Church in Slovenia had been the enemy number one, and remained as such until the fall of Communism in 1990. About 62 diocesan priests left for Treviso (Italy) a couple of days after their arrival in Carinthia, but most of them remained there for many years. Many of them lived in camps and served spiritually their countrymen until they received long-term visas for certain countries - among them the US, Canada, Argentina. Partly priests were accommodated in various rectories and other church institutions and assisted in parish pastoral care. Some of these remained in Carinthia forever and were incardinated in Klagenfurt diocese, while others got jobs in Europe, in North and South America. Among them was also Bishop of Ljubljana, Dr Gregorij Rožman, who had been guest in the diocese until November 1947, before he emigrated over Salzburg and Switzerland to the United States. The Slovenian Catholic clergy had not been received everywhere with open arms in Carinthia, not even in ecclesiastical circles. Even in chapter of bishop's cathedral some consulters opposed them. Carinthian Slovenians were divided. Many were inclined to help, others who stood on the side of the Liberation Front of Carinthia and were therefore strongly influenced by the Communists, opposed. In addition, envoys from Slovenia visited the camps and tried to persuade the refugees with false promises to return home. In the center of the dispute was the Hermagoras Brotherhood. The longtime director of Hermagoras, Janko Hornböck, wrote in 1985: "It is difficult to live and work on the border." He explained that Mohorjeva fought on three fronts: on German, Communist and sometimes on that of the emigration. The Communists were trying to prevent the work of Hermagoras and to destroy the cooperation and trust between Hermagoras and emigration.
F.29 Contribution to the development of national cultural identity
COBISS.SI-ID: 515701900The paper contributes an overview of the structural organization of the Catholic Church in Slovenia from the end of the Second World War until its independence in 1990, as well as that of the attitude of the Communist authorities towards the Catholic Church, but also towards other religious communities. From the very beginning on the Catholic Church in Slovenia was the enemy No.1 in the eyes of the Communist regime. Postwar authorities did not want to get rid of only the political opponents, they also wanted to block the activities of the Catholic Church. This failed for two reasons: first, because the Catholic Church had a strong support in the predominantly religious population, but also because of its international organization. The first ten postwar years were the time of crude physical and psychic repression. Then the persecution changed for tactical reasons, the goals did not change. Right after the war, 'people's power' was launched to take action against the Church as an institution and the individual priests and members of religious orders: with house searches, housing restrictions, cancelation from the electoral lists, limitations of religious education, closing of Catholic schools, economic measures such as the agrarian reform, nationalization and confiscations, with limitations of the religious press, with forcing nuns to leave the hospitals, orphanages, old people' s homes, although there was no replacement for them – and from the very beginning on also by arresting people and performing show trials. Meaures against the Church were led by Ozna, from the year 1946 called Administration of State Security (UDV, Udba), which until 1951, also was in charge of criminal investigation. Ozna/Udba forced a number of priests to cooperate. At the end of the war 275 priests fled from Slovenia. Military chaplains were returned by the British from Carinthia together with the members of the Home Guard and ended in one of the hidden graves in Slovenia, but the rest of the priests-emigrants remained in the neighbouring countries or moved to other European countries, to South and North America and Australia. The secret police followed them also in foreign countries. Ozna/Udba worked hand in hand with Religious Commission, which was the second repressive institution that controlled the Catholic Church. In 1949 they founded the Kyrill- and Method Society of Catholic Priests in Slovenia with the aim to sow division among the priests, between the principals of the diocese and the ordinary priests and between the dioceses. This was called 'differentiation'. Postwar constitutions rested on the principal of separation of church and state, which actually meant elimination of Catholic Church from public life.
F.02 Acquisition of new scientific knowledge
COBISS.SI-ID: 39817261The exhibition presents border crossing of the Slovenes between Slovenia and Austria, and deal with its consequences. The basic points are as follows: developments in 1945 (the exodus of the Slovenian population, the return of prisoners of war and civilians in Slovenia and their fate, mass killings, expulsion of the German minority in Slovenia), illegal border crossings until 1960, operation of the rebel groups, so called Matjaž army, border regime (border crossing points, border guards), the policy of Yugoslav and Slovenian authorities to the Slovenian minority in Austria, smuggling, illegal movement of people, goods and ideas. Headlines of exhibition panels are: The retreat of home guard in Viktring and their return to Slovenia; The destiny of family Korošec – Kocmur; The destiny of family Brodar; “Matjaž Army”; Death on the border; Expulsion of the population of the frontier zone; Studia Slovenica; Secret police and immigrants; The destruction of the German minority in Slovenia; Taffelsturm; The case of Toplišek; The terrorist attacks in Völkermarkt; Secret police and Hermagoras; Ciril Žebot: Slovenia yesterday, today, tomorrow; Drago Jančar – in prison because of the book. In 2013 and 2014 the exhibition was presented in several towns around Slovenia and abroad.
F.28 Organising an exhibition
COBISS.SI-ID: 36762925