Food Technology Days 2015 dedicated to prof. F. Bitenc (thematic survey on the topic: food science and technology and nutrition for postgraduate studies) was organised by our programme group. The theme was Food, nutrition and media. Four researchers from our programme group had attended this event as invited lecturers, three of them were editors, and two of them organizators of event.
B.01 Organiser of a scientific meeting
COBISS.SI-ID: 280081920Three researchers from our programme group (Bertoncelj, Korošec in Simčič) had presented at scientific meeting Food technology days 2015, named Food, nutrition and media, a very important topic Sugars in human nutrition. Sugars as a group of carbohydrates play an important role in our diet. They are a source of energy and besides providing a sweet taste in food they contribute to appropriate sensory and technological properties of food. Sugars are naturally found in fruits, vegetables, milk and honey, as well as they can be obtained by extraction from sugar beet, sugar cane, corn. Complex terminology used to describe sugars may lead to misinterpretation in the scientific community and the media. The terms such as free sugars, added sugars, total sugars, intrinsic sugars, extrinsic sugars are not entirely consistent, thus within the definition of individual sugar groups overlaps are noted. There is a need for harmonization in regard of the definitions of various sugars, the role of sugars in our diet and the methods used for determining the sugars intake. Due to the problem of excessive sugars intake the interaction and open dialogue among legislation and nutrition policy makers, scientists, food producers, nutritionists, health professionals and consumers is crucial. Links between food products and food ingredients and the risk of developing diseases have been the subject of numerous studies for several years. In particular, attention is directed to the effects of sugars consumption on human health. There is increasing evidence that excessive consumption of sugars affects the prevalence of obesity and other chronic non-communicable diseases, and therefore further science-based clinical studies are required to better clarify the impact of sugars in the context of diet and lifestyle.
B.04 Guest lecture
COBISS.SI-ID: 4553592Doctoral dissertation of Lena Tajnšek, supervised by prof. dr. Marjan Simčič, examine the effect of the the identification of environment factors and influence of the long lasting production methods on the occurence of mycotoxins deoxynivalenole (DON) and zearelone (ZEA), the result of secundary metabolism of Fusarium ssp in the wheat grain. The occurence of DON, ZEA, and Fusarium ssp were studied at Reska and Savinja wheat cultivars which were grown in two long-term field experiments (designed in 1992) on two locations in Slovenia: at Jable near Ljubljana (46º7'N, 14º11'E, 308 m altitude) and at Rakičan near Murska Sobota (46º38'N, 14º34'E, 184 m altitude). The cultivars Reska and Savinja in the both field experiments have been considered in crop rotation of maize-wheat-barley/oats in 10 methods of production with variants ranging organic up to intensely conventional. The results of statistical evaluation between parameters of environment and agritechnical measures and the occurence of DON, ZEA, and Fusarium ssp showed a significant correlation for most of these parameters. Contamination of grains with DON, ZEA, and Fusarium ssp were influenced by agritechnical methods, cultivars and weather conditions. With adequately chosed location, N-min fertilisation and organic manuring we can optimate the methods for wheat production without fungicides, and reach a permisssible tolerance to food safety. The investigations showed that adequately chosen agritehnical measures significantly reduce the risk of contamination of wheat with Fusarium ssp and the contamination of flour with DON and ZEA. The extensive wheat production implies an appreciably lesser risk of DON and ZEA occurence. Cultivars also differ with regard to resistance to contamination with mycotoxins: comparison of cultivars to contamination with DON and ZEA showed that Savinja was more resistant to DON and ZEA contamination than Reska. Significant correlations have been found between Fusarium ssp and contamination with DON and ZEA. White flour (type 405) was in the most cases less contaminated with DON and ZEA than dark flour (type 1050), but the conclusion saying that dark flour which is usually recommended as healthier was more contaminated with the DON and ZEA than the white one would require further examination.
D.09 Tutoring for postgraduate students
COBISS.SI-ID: 4551800Doctoral dissertation of Lena Tajnšek, supervised by prof. dr. Marjan Simčič, examine the nutritional status of Slovenian adolescents, exactly evaluate their nutritional status based on the average daily energy intake and intake of nutrients and based on the average pattern of food consumption and their dietary habits. The research was conducted in the school year 2010/2011 and it included 327 adolescents of 10 primary schools. The methods used were individual interviews (survey questionnaire, food frequency questionnaire, 24-hour recall) and anthropometric measures (body weight and height). The analysis included descriptive and comparative methods. The analysis of average energy intake met the recommendations and was expectedly higher among boys than among girls, who underreported their energy intakes in general. Body mass index inversely correlated with energy intake. The analysis of macronutrients intakes showed that the proportion between caloris consumed as proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the diets of participants was generally balanced, with the exception of too high percentage of caloris from free sugars and too high percentage of calories from saturated fatty acids according to somewhat too low percentage of caloris from polyunsaturated fatty acids. The intake of dietary fiber was to low. Energy density proved to be a conditionally suitable determinant for the evaluation of dietary quality. The respondents with lower energy density were closest to the food and nutrition guidelines.The analysis of macronutrients intakes showed that respondents had inadequate intakes of vitamins A, D and E, iodine and calcium. Only 28 % of respondents reached the appropriate nutritional status. The girls had higher nutrient densities in comparison to boys. Based on analysis of food consumption pattern and comparission to recommendations, respondents consumed twice too many foodstuffs with higher contents of fats and/or added sugar, too much meat and meat products, and for one third too less vegetables, milk and dairy products, whereas girls do not consume enough fish. Taking into account the researched risk factors for unhealthy diets, we found that up to five of the seventeen risk factors have only a quarter of participants what we define as healthy diet.
D.09 Tutoring for postgraduate students
COBISS.SI-ID: 4599928Doctoral dissertation of Ana Penko, supervised by prof. dr. Lea Demšar and doc. dr. Bojana Žegura, examine the effect of the plant extracts addition in complex matrices (meat/patties, conventional or enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) to reduce the formation of harmful components that occur during storage of fresh meat in various aerobic conditions (products oxidation of lipids: thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, TBARs, and cholesterol oxides, COPs) and different types of thermal treatment/doneness of meat (heterocyclic aromatic amines, HAA). The effect of plant extract addition may be reduced if they are not bounded to an appropriate carrier. The content of total phenolic compounds by the method of Folin-Ciocalteu method and individual phenolic compounds by LC-MS/MS of the selected plant extracts were determined, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of them were checked by MTT, MTS and Comet test. The contents of individual and total HAA and OH were determined by LC-MS/MS and TBAR spectrophotometrically, respectively. Selected plant extracts discriminate according to their phenolic profile and that none of the ethanolic plant extracts does not show cytotoxicity or genotoxicity in tumor cells HepG2. n-3enrichment has resulted in increased formation of TBARs and COPs, and decreased formation of HAA (P ) 0.05) after heat treatment compared to conventionally produced meat. With regard to inhibition of oxidation processes, we found that the most suitable carrier for the extracts is starch, packing in an atmosphere with low concentrations of O2 and grilling as thermal treatment. The addition of juniper berries extract significantly reduces TBARs and COPs contents, depending on the carrier of the extract (starch ( salt ( oil). Also the addition of the majority of plant extracts in the meat significant reduces on the HAA formation after the heat treatment, depending on matrix (an integral piece of meat vs. minced meat), type of heat treatment (grill, oven, and infrared oven), and carrier of the extract. Generally, the highest content of HAA and vice versa the lowest TBARs are formed during grilling, amounts formed during baking in the oven and IR oven are approximately the same. Storage chicken meat and patties in oxygen rich conditions (O2, between 20% and 80%) increase the TBARs and content of total OH as well as significantly reduces content of HAA after heat treatment compared with storage at low O2 concentration (( 0.1%). At the same time, in such conditions sensory parameters are deteriorated, that indicate on the oxidation processes in progress (occurrence of rancidity and warm-off flavours).
D.09 Tutoring for postgraduate students
COBISS.SI-ID: 4552056