Production of pure plant oils for fuels or biodiesel production now is based on the extraction of oil with mechanical extraction of seeds or by using solvents (organic solvents used in large industrial plants). Mechanical extrusion of seeds is carried out by continuous mechanical screw type presses. To determine the energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the decentralized production of oil we used mechanical screw press, which is designed for the extraction of oil by mechanical compression of various oil seeds. The machine performs continuous cold extraction of oil seeds (process does not need warming of oil seeds or single machine). We found that in single phase pressing of rape seeds, energy consumption is from 7.2 to 10.1 kWh/t of processed seeds (decentralized production of oil consumes significantly less energy than the production on industrial level). In the second stage of pressing, energy consumption is from 7,1 to 8,1 kWh /t of processed oil seeds. The sum of the first and second stage of pressing, gives energy for the two phase pressing. In mentioned case energy consumption is in range from 14,3 to 18,2 kWh /t of processed seeds. CO2 emissions from decentralized pure plant oil production, are also low, in range from 2,592 to 3,924 g CO2/kg oil at first stage of pressing. Due to the better efficiency of process, applied was two phase pressing, so that the total CO2 emissions (sum of the first and second phase) ranging from 5,148 to 6,84 g CO2/kg oil.
COBISS.SI-ID: 4079464
The study was conducted at three locations in the Savinjska region of Slovenia, where soil is contaminated with heavy metals due to the zinc industry (Cinkarna Celje). In Ponikva the soil to a depth of 30 cm contains 0.8 mg kg-1 Cd, 32.2 mg kg-1 Pb and 86 mg Zn kg-1, in Medlog 1.4 mg kg-1 Cd, 37.4 mg kg-1 Pb and 115 mg kg-1 Zn and in Skofja vas 10.9 mg kg-1 Cd, 239.7 mgkg-1 Pb and 1356 mg kg-1 Zn. The pH at the selected sites was between 7.3 and 7.6. In the beginning of September 2006 two hybrids of Brassica napus L. var. napus, PR45 D01 and PR46 W31 suitable for production of biodiesel obtained from Pioneer Seeds Holding GmbH, were sown. After 96 days juvenile and after 277 days mature plants were collected. Parts of plants (root, shoot and seed) were separated and Cd, Pb, Zn, Mo and S determined by ultra-trace ICP-MS. We compared the uptake of Cd, Pb, Zn, Mo and S in different parts of juvenile and mature plants of the two different hybrids, TF (translocation factor), BAF (bioaccumulation factor) and PP (phytoextraction potential) were calculated. The mature hybrid PR46 W31 had higher shootžroot ratio and higher PP for metals (Cd, Pb and Zn) and lower PP for the micronutrient (Mo) and macronutrient (S) on the polluted site. The study demonstrated the potential use of oilseed rape on multiply polluted soils for production of 1st and 2nd generation biofuels. The potential restoration of degraded land could also disburden the use of agricultural land.
COBISS.SI-ID: 1116886
In this paper we have presented the detailed models for the use of agricultural biomass (corn, rapeseed, sunflower) on land contaminated with heavy metals for energy purposes. In the case of rapeseed and sunflower is also provided for the production of oil and oil cake (pellet).
COBISS.SI-ID: 3784040
This paper has examined the possibility of the use of Brassica napus, energy crops for cultivation in contaminated areas.
COBISS.SI-ID: 3784296