The legislation governing grape production in terms of the use of plant protection products (PPP) is a complex area since the use of PPP is regulated by several laws: Plant Protection Products Act, Waters Act, Chemicals Act, Environmental Protection Act, Nature Conservation Act and their sub-law regulations as well as the acts adopted at the municipal level. On the other hand Plant Health Act requires mandatory measures against quarantine harmful organisms on regulated area, where they occur. Regulation on measures against the spread of grapevine yellows disease, which was adopted in 2009, provides for control of American leafhopper in demarcated areas in the vineyards, nurseries and mother plants, more detailed measures are set by the official action plan for grapevine yellows (www.furs.si). Restrictions on the use of PPP in buffer zones of surface waters is set according to provisions of the Waters Act, and in some cases can be further extended by the registration decision for each PPP. The use of geographic information systems in the field of plant protection allows spatial analysis of the various thematic and topographic data, which gives a more detailed insight into the problems of pesticide use in sensitive buffer zones of surface waters. The results of the intercrossing of different layers of surface waters buffer zones and demarcated areas of grapevine yellows, the possible aspects and technical measures to address the problem of ensuring the smooth plant protection/production of grapevines and grapes on one side and on the other hand, protection of water resources are presented in the paper.
COBISS.SI-ID: 3667048
The results of 27 micro and macro herbicide trials in winter cereals in different agroclimatic regions of Slovenia conducted between 1992 and 2010 are presented where herbicide efficacy and yield due to different application time (early and late autumn and early and late spring application time) were evaluated. Only herbicide combinations with more than 95 % of efficacy were included in yield comparison. From the results it can be concluded that early and late autumn application gave the best herbicide efficacy as well as highest yields. Nevertheless it is very hard to foresee the justified application time due to many factors which influence the herbicide efficacy and yield in winter cereals, among them especially sowing date and the following weather conditions in the autumn, as well as soil and seedbed preparation, fertilisation, the type of weed species and their density.
COBISS.SI-ID: 3667816
Pesticides used in agriculture could contaminate pollen of agricultural plants and plants growing nearby. Contaminated pollen has potentially negative influence on development of honeybee colonies. Due to high winter losses of honeybee colonies in past years as well as due to some cases of local poisoning of the colonies, an investigation aimed to monitor agricultural factors, which could affect development and honeybee health, was started in 2009. Pollen samples were collected and development of 90 honeybee (Apis mellifera carnica) colonies were monitored. Colonies were situated on 30 locations, grouped by main agricultural production practice: a) intensive field production (10 locations); b) intensive viticulture production (4 locations); c) intensive fruit growing location (6 locations); d) extensive agricultural production (10 locations). By the means of GC/MS and LC/MS/MS 50 pollen samples were analyzed on 880 chemicals in year 2009 and 52 samples on 713 chemicals in year 2010. In 2009 residues were found in pollen samples from 11 locations (37 %) and in year 2010 in samples from 5 locations (17 %). All together 16 different residues in pollen were found in 2009 and only 3 in 2010. Residues found in the pollen samples ranged from 0.011 mg/kg to 76 mg/kg. The highest number of residues was found in pollen from the intensive fruit growing locations (10) and from the intensive viticulture areas (9). Residues that were found were mostly fungicides (69 %). Insecticide residues (chlorpyriphos-ethyl, methoxifenocide and thiacloprid) were found in the pollen samples from 6 locations. Residues in the pollen did not influence the development of the honeybee colonies or infestation rate of Varoa destructor mite species, Nosema spp. or viruses (ABPV, SBV, DWV, BQCV).
COBISS.SI-ID: 3667560