The environmental or ecological footprint is defined as a tool for estimating the biologically productive area needed to produce food, materials and energy used by the population of a certain region. The calculated area is compared to the area available to a certain population or individual, called the biocapacity. The ecological footprint of conventional tillage with mould board plough (MP), chisel plough (CP) and direct seeding (DS) farming systems was calculated from data collected in longstanding trial conducted close to Zgornja Kungota in Eastern Slovenia, and interpreted using the SPIonExcel tool. Three-year rotation (corn - winter wheat - winter raps) showed a significantly lowest ecological footprint for the CP systems in production of corn silage mainly due to the absence of deep soil tillage and the decrease of herbicide usage, so it reached 1.8 ha on the on silty clay. Despite of higher fuel consumption required for the basic soil tillage in MP, the ecological footprint reached 2.3 ha. The highest footprint was calculated (6.75 ha) in the winter wheat under the DS system. The enormous increase of footprint was due to the application of 5 l herbicide prior the seeding.
B.03 Paper at an international scientific conference
COBISS.SI-ID: 3465772On a heavy soil of the parcel ‘Center’ the alternative soil tillage with CP has being applied for five years, whereby one half of the parcel is still under MP. The measurements of horizontal resistance were performed with a horizontal penetrometer designed at the Agricultural institute of Slovenia, which sampled data at 50 Hz during driving on the field, so on the average 4476 points were taken. From each part of the parcel data were collected from 15, 25 and 35 cm layer depth on 375 m long experimental parcel. The results of horizontal penetrometer showed on the average lower resistance in MP15 (40.98 Ncm-2) than in CP15 (45.10 Ncm-2) and in MP25 (91.66 Ncm-2) than in CP25 (122.47 Ncm-2). In the 35 cm depth the soil resistance was higher in MP (123.65 Ncm-2) than in CP (115.99 Ncm-2) probably because of the hardpan.
B.03 Paper at an international scientific conference
COBISS.SI-ID: 3783784The purpose of this study was to examine the precise method of measuring soil moisture by using a wireless sensor network, which consists of an open source platform Waspmote, communication component XBee ZigBee module, S2 Pro, workstation VIA EPIA PX10000 and humidity sensors Watermark 200SS-5. In the period from June to August, we measured moisture at three different soil depths (20, 50 and 80 cm), while the measured values were compared with values of environmental parameters of air temperature, air humidity, soil temperature, and precipitation omočenost sheets. We found that the precision of the measurement of soil moisture and other environmental parameters accurately predict the microclimate and the lack of moisture in the soil up to 2 bar vacuum. On the basis of these data could accurately with appropriate equipment rudder adding water droplets irrigation.
B.06 Other
COBISS.SI-ID: 3451436Slovenian public were presented different ways of soil tillage which is currently being used in Slovenia. Direct impact on the environment in the form of CO2 is expected to be the largest in plowing, followed by alternative treatment with chisel and direct sowing. If we compare the ecological footprint of each treatment, the alternative treatments are significantly closer to conventional treatment with plow, due to the higher proportion of introduced chemicals (herbicides). If we compare the ecological footprints of the various crops in rotation (corn-wheat-rapeseed), we see that the greatest masters in the production of corn, followed by rapeseed and winter wheat. The biggest footprint, expressed per 1000 kg of grain, leaves conventional crop oilseed rape and maize production konzervirajoča minimum. Ecological footprint of production of one tonne of biomass above ground is again the largest in the conventional production of rapeseed, followed by production of winter wheat and maize with the absolute smallest footprint in konzervirajočem production system.
F.04 Increase of the technological level
COBISS.SI-ID: 3310380The impact of different tillage and seeding techniques of the stubble on the ryegrass emergence, number of weeds, fresh and dry matter yield was studied in a field trial on the outskirts of the Drava Plain (Ješenca). In randomly block experiment (8x4) the following treatments were included: ploughing and sowing with Pöttinger Terrasem 3000 T (V1), conventional tillage with plough and rotary harrow, then sowing with Lemken Saphir 7 (V2), tillage with rotary harrow and sowing with Lemken Saphir 7 (V3), (V4) same like (V3) straw was additionally mulched, mulch and sowing with Lemken Saphir 7 (V5), mulch and direct sowing with Lemken Saphir 7 (V6), direct sowing with seeder Pöttinger Terrasem 3000 T (V7), mulch and direct sowing seeder Pöttinger Terrasem 3000 T (V8). The maximum number of emerged ryegrass plants was counted in the V2 (405 m-2), and the smallest in the V5 (153 m-2). Fresh weight yield was the highest in the V1 (53716 kg ha-1) and the lowest in the V5 (33682 kg ha-1). The maximum yield of dry matter was measured in V2 (7144 kg ha-1) and the lowest in the V6 (5799 kg ha-1). The lowest dry matter content was detected in the V1 (12 %) and the highest in the treatment V6 (20 %). The rolling affected the number of emerged only in the V5, while there was no difference in other treatments.
B.03 Paper at an international scientific conference
COBISS.SI-ID: 3059756