Repressive Metods of Totalitarian Regimes is a collection of scientific papers of international conference that was organized by Study Center for National Reconciliation in Maribor. Published were different papers written by national and international specialists from different fields, so historiography and law, that particiated at the symposium. The Austrian historian Florian Rulitz, PhD., presented the fights and massacres within the area of Austrian and Slovenian Carinthia at the end of the World War II. The Austrian historian Edda Engelke, PhD. described the repressive methods in the in the Yugoslav-Austrian border (Styria) in the early fiftieth. Thousands of Yugoslav citizens wanted to escape the Tito regime and undertook great risks. She presents the documents of the Styrian Federal Archive. Blaž Torkar, PhD., explains the organization and functioning of the fascist repressive bodies in the Slovene Littoral and Istria between the wars. Tomaž Kladnik, PhD., desals with the basic structure, operation and tasks od Slovene partisan units. focusing on the activities of the political commissionars. Marjan Linasi, PhD., compares Nazi violence on bilingual areas of Austrian Carinthia with Slovenia. especilly with Upper Carniola, Slovene Styria and Slovene part of Carinthia. Jernej Letnar Černič, PhD., made a comparison between the Slovene and Spanish experience of transition. Damjan Hančič, PhD., describes the organization, methods and concrete examples of the wartime recolutionary violence (1941-1945) in the region of Upper Carniola. Renato Podbersič, M.A., gives report about the Jews being victims among the foibe massacres in the Gorizia region. Pavel Jamnik, M.A., presents the dualism of military and political command in the pasrtisan army and based his paper also on Belgrade Archives. Tamara Griesser-Pečar, PhD., persecuted Catholic clery and other members of the catholic Church during entire Communist regime. It was the enemy number one, because ita was the only organization outside the Communist party. Darko Ščavnilar, PhD.,dealt with the confiscation of church rpoperty by means of agrarian reform after 1945 and described as example the parishes of Dobrovnik, Lendava and Bogojina. Andreja Valič-Zver, PhD., made a case study of the persecution of Jože Pučnik, the most important figure of Slovenian demovratization. Mateja Čoh, PhD., described the polcy towars farmers by means of collectivization of agriculture and and described the trials of "kulaks", large-scale farmers.Then Boštjan Kolarič presented a paper about the prosecution of perpetrators of crimes against humanity after the end of World War II on the territory of Slovenia. Jelka Piškurič presented the usefulness for analysis of the testimonies recorded among expatriates in Cleveland. Jože Dežman gave report about the forgotten heritage of teh German minority in Slovenia and the etnic cleaning from the end of May 1945 till the beginning of 1946. Neža Strajnar dealt with extrajudicial killings of detainees of Ozna prison in Maribor in January 1946.
C.01 Editorial board of a foreign/international collection of papers/book
COBISS.SI-ID: 264417024The subject of the doctor’s thesis is focused on the role and the importance of Demos as a political factor in the independence movement and democratization of Slovenia. In the chapter with the entitled “Methodological framework” the object of the analysis is defined: the historic circumstances under which it is was founded and in which it functioned, the scientific relevance of the subject, the use of terminology and conceptual apparatus, an overview of the terms used in their meaning in different historical periods. Then in chapter “The main theoretical orientations of nationalism” an overview of the scientific paradigm, which in theory deal with nationalisms, is given, followed by a chapter that presents the most important theoretical views of Slovene national issue, political and theoretical concepts of the Slovenian national question and the opening of dialogical field in the eighties of the previous century as well as the most important contributions of 57th number of Nova revija (New magazine) - there contributions of Jože Pučnik, Tine Hribar, Dimitrij Rupel and Ivo Urbančič about the Slovenian national program. In the chapter “Democracy and Democratization” these terms are explained, theoretical concepts of democratization classified on the ground of the theory of modernization, according to a historical-sociological approach and transition studies. The author deals with the actors of the democratic changes, the role of political parties and coalitions in democratic transitions and presents a consolidated democracy as the favorable outcome of the democratic transition. In the part entitled “Historical landmarks of the Slovenian national identity” an overview of the most important milestones in the development of Slovene national identity is given, as well as an overview of the international situation at the end of the 1980s and early 1990s. The a chapter entitled "Slovenian spring-the project of democracy and national emancipation” follows. A comparison of the parties before the elections of 1990 is presented, with special emphasis on the respect of the independence and democracy. The central section of the paper deals with Demos, the most important figures of democratization are presented and among them a special attention is dedicated to the most important person of the United Democratic opposition, Jože Pučnik. Then the role of Demos in the independence process in Slovenia is outlined, but also the role of the diaspora. In the chapter about the end of Demos, the crisis is dealt with, the "cultural fight", the escalation of the crisis, its climax and the dissolution.. As an important historical and analytical source an analysis of survey responses and direct testimonies of the participants is presented, followed by sources and literature used.
F.02 Acquisition of new scientific knowledge
COBISS.SI-ID: 262450688After the Slovenian plebiscite German foreign policy was not in favor of the dissolution of Yugoslavia. Until the attack of the Yugoslav army on Slovenia, the German foreign policy as all the Western countries wanted the maintenance of Yugoslav state under some sort of a new constitutional system. The attack on Slovenia brought a complete change in German foreign policy. Germany was still extremely cautious and tried in agreement with the European Community (EC) member states to achieve a certain result. The procedure in the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) after the attack on Slovenia but did not cause Germany, it was Austria. There was no agreement among German politicians how to react towards Yugoslavia and most of the media in Germany – with the exception of FAZ and some rare regional newspapers like the Deister-und Weserzeitung – objected to the quick recognition. In November 1991, Germany finally decided to recognize the independence of Slovenia. Actually Germany, which was realized on december 19th. The recognition entered into force on 15. 1. in 1992, when all twelve members of the EC recognised the independence of Slovenia and Croatia.
B.03 Paper at an international scientific conference
COBISS.SI-ID: 1223045On 14 April 2010, an exhibition entitled “Twenty Years from the First Democratic Elections in Slovenia” set up by the Study Centre for National Reconciliation was held in the facilities of the European Parliament in Brussels. The exhibition features selected photographs and pictures from the archive of the National Museum of Contemporary History complemented with descriptions of the historical background and key contextual highlights that formed the events in Slovenia at that time.
F.18 Transfer of new know-how to direct users (seminars, fora, conferences)
COBISS.SI-ID: 31313453Communism in Yugoslavia, particularly in Slovenia, in contrast to Communism in others eastern countries, came to power by its own power, without the intervention of the Soviet army. The first period of tough repression after the revolutionary victory in 1945 indicates an obvious suppression of human's rights. According to the constitutional concept of a people's democracy, which was defined by Communist ideology between 1945–1953, authority in the State should belong to the people or to a representative body elected from among them. Direct and severe mass violations of human rights were typical and also essential freedoms were violated, often with brutal force. This was a period of revolutionary violence and terror needed for the Party to take power and gain strength. The main characteristics are: installment of a single party system/autocracy from 1944 onwards and absence of independent legislative, government and judicial branches; early enforcement of a soviet modeled legal system that implied a number of violations of civil rights in legal actions (i. e. arrests and interrogations by secret police, nighttime interrogations and other means of coercion, absence of counsel, absence of defense witnesses in court, coercion into becoming a secret police agent or informant); mass killings in summer 1945; concentration camps and forced labor; resettlement of border line population; dissolution of societies, political parties, newspapers; persecution and prosecution of clergy, catholic and other religious organizations and societies; csorship; control over economy, nationalization, confiscation, state ownership and planning; compulsory membership in state cooperatives, control of machinery and other agricultural means, persecution of wealthy peasants and prosecution of ‘saboteurs’.
B.03 Paper at an international scientific conference
COBISS.SI-ID: 33221677