This study provides an interdisciplinary account determining how children and adolescents understand urban and architectural aspects of sustainable development. The concept of sustainability implies complex relations between ethical, economical, social, technical and other qualities of our environment. The concept is difficult to understand for children who lack the abilities of abstract reasoning and multidimensional thinking. A new measure of sustainability understanding was formed based on pictorial rather than textual format and was applied to a large sample of over 2000 participants aged 6-19 years. The results indicated that girls had higher levels of appreciation toward sustainability issues than boys. The results also showed that understanding of sustainability issues increased progressively with age, particularly with adolescents from urban environments. The findings are discussed in terms of cognitive changes in adolescence and their implications for educational policy.
COBISS.SI-ID: 5360737
The purpose of the present study was to explore the ways people achieve their happiness employing two approaches, i.e. a dimension-centred, focusing on the three orientations to happiness (orientation to pleasure, meaning, and engagement), and a per- son-centred, focusing on patterns of these three orientations within individuals. The pre- dictive validity of individual orientations to happiness and their characteristic patterns for three aspects of subjective well-being was explored. Adult participants (N = 1,142; 33 % male) filled-in the Orientations to Happiness Questionnaire and the Mental Health Continuum-Long Form. Applying the dimension-centred approach, results suggested that all of the orientations represent possible and appropriate ways to achieve happiness. Person- centred analysis yielded four groups of individuals with similar profiles of ways towards happiness and membership of these groups was associated with individualʼs well-being. Leading an empty life was associated with the poorest outcomes and full life with the highest well-being, with moderate well-being characterizing individuals pursuing plea- surable and meaningful life. More precisely, pleasurable life and meaningful life had relatively similar predictive value for psychological well-being but demonstrated dis- criminant validity for emotional and social well-being. This suggests that the profiles are meaningfully different and highlights the importance of the multiplicative influences of the three specific orientations to happiness.
COBISS.SI-ID: 53014114
The construct of individualism-collectivism (IND-COL) has become the definitive standard in cross-cultural psychology, management, and related fields. It is also among the most controversial, in particular, with regard to the ambiguity of its dimensionality: Some view IND and COL as the opposites of a single continuum, whereas others argue that the two are independent constructs. We explored the issue through seven different tests using original individual-level data from 50 studies and meta-analytic data from 149 empirical publications yielding a total of 295 samplelevel observations that were collected using six established instruments for assessing IND and COL as separate constructs. Results indicated that the dimensionality of IND-COL may depend on (a) the specific instrument used to collect the data, (b) the sample characteristics and the cultural region from which the data were collected, and (c) the level of analysis. We also review inconsistencies, deficiencies, and challenges of conceptualizing IND-COL and provide guidelines for developing and selecting instruments for measuring the construct, and for reporting and meta-analyzing results from this line of research.
COBISS.SI-ID: 53324130
The book represents a scientific review and analysis of psychodiagnostic measures for the assessment of different developmental processes, chages and transitions (in the fields of creativity, vocational interests, psychological development in the transition to the adulthood, family environment, psychological changes in the elderly population etc.). The authors participated as organizers or cooperators in the development or construction of the variety of implied measures. The monography contributed thus essentially to the advancement and improvement of the psychodiagnostic theory in the field of developmental psychology and to the introduction or enlargement of practical application of the specific diagnostic instrument.
COBISS.SI-ID: 267450112
The monography is dealing with the theoretical and empirical findings about the evacuation and about the behavior during evacuation in the critical or catastrophic events. The authors described and analyzed different psychosocial theories and models explaining evacuation, especially the theories of panic, adherence approach, normative approach and social identity approach. In the discussion, a special attention is devoted to th psychological characteristics of the evacuation. In the chapters of monography, the analyses of some famous examples of evacuation are included (hurricanes Hugo, Andrew and Katrina, nuclear disasters in Windscale, Three Miles Island, Černobil, Fukushima).
COBISS.SI-ID: 264816640