In the scope of molecular epidemiology study of rabies virus isolates detected in Slovenia, 30 archive samples were collected in the period from 1994 to 2010 and were originated from different animal species (red fox, badger, cattle, dog, cat, marten and horse). Two phylogenetic trees were prepared, one by comparing 1092 nucleotides (nt) of nucleoprotein gene and other by comparing 672 nt of glycoprotein gene. Low genetic diversity was observed between 30 samples and when comparing the results of this study to the rabies viruses isolated from neighboring countries high sequence identity was found. Both trees were consistent with topology, and can be used for phylogenetic studies.
COBISS.SI-ID: 3383418
International foodborne norovirus outbreaks can be difficult to recognize whenusing standard outbreak investigation methods. In a novel approach, we provide step-wise selection criteria to identify clusters of outbreaks that may involve an internationally distributed common foodborne source. After computerized linking of epidemiologic data to aligned sequences, we retrospectively identified 100 individually reported outbreaks that potentially represented 14 international common source events in Europe during1999-2008. Analysis of capsid sequences of outbreak strains (n = 1,456),showed that aprox. 7% of outbreaks reported to the Foodborne Viruses inEurope database were part of an international event (range 2%-9%), compared with 0.4% identified through standard epidemiologic investigations. Our findings point to a critical gap in surveillance and suggest that international collaboration could have increased the number of recognized international foodborne outbreaks. Real-time exchange of combined epidemiologic and molecular data is needed to validate our findings through timely trace-backs of clustered outbreaks.
COBISS.SI-ID: 29115353
Malachite green (MG) was used for fish treatment for several years. Because of its harmful impact the use of malachite green is forbidden and no residues are allowed in fish meet today. In our research rainbow trout and carps were exposed to the therapeutic concentrations of MG for one and for three hours, and slightly increased concentration for one hour. We found that the increased time of treatment had greater influence on the residues than the increased concentration. Concentration of MG quickly dropped while the concentration of its metabolite leuco malachite green (LMG) was still greater than 0,5 µg kg -1 at the end of the experiment after 289 days. Carps accumulated less MG but the elimination of LMG was slower which is attributed to lower temperature of the water during the trial.
COBISS.SI-ID: 3395962