This chapter from the monograph "Globalization, marginalization and conflict: political, economic and social processes", Fuerst-Bjeliš, Borna, Leimgruber, Walter (eds.) published in 2020, follows analytically the shifts in several descriptions in the representation of Roma as one of the most socially deprived, marginalized and disempowered minority groups in contemporary Europe. In Romani studies, there is a remarkable shift from the essentialized notions of Roma culture as nomadism to the situation of Roma in the wider framework of Romani mobility. Romani mobility, the question of Europe and the issue of human rights are important for the understanding of Roma and their emplacement in local, national and transnational space, and in EU institutions. Recently, scholars have been exploring the questions of Roma racialization and subjugation within the frame of migration and European studies. Roma are often criminalized and within the question about ‘Europe’, and ‘European citizenship’ are the object of anti-immigrant racist populism. In today’s globalized world of new communication networks, new possibilities are arising that pose a challenge to identity construction processes as well as cause new risks and vulnerabilities. Transnational political efforts in the EU member states and projects for ensuring decent living condition brought insignificant effects for Roma inclusion, due to the lack of will at the level of local communities or because of the resistance of the majority population. Scholars recognized a rooted structural rejection of Roma or antigypsyism as the major problem of Roma inclusion. Within the politics for the recognition of Romani identities, the recognition of the Romani Holocaust is of great importance for the Romani movement. Combating the antigypsyism, one of the biggest challenges for European societies is to recognize the fact that Roma were victims of the holocaust/genocide. The chapter concludes with the analysis of the situation of Roma in Slovenia. Although the right to water is included in the Slovenian constitution, the state fails to provide access to water to some Roma. While the Slovenian state was sued before the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg, scholars recognized the denial of access to drinking water as a dimension of dehumanization, which may be connected with antigypsyism.
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