Self-injurious behavior is a frequent phenomenon in adolescence. The present study examined life events as risk factors for the first onset of direct self-injurious behavior (D-SIB). Longitudinal assessments with an interval of 1 year were performed within a sample of 1,933 adolescents (51.47% females; mean age 14.84 ± 0.9 years) from 10 European countries and Israel. The number of life events during the past 6 months predicted the first onset of D-SIB in the following year. Gender neither predicted the onset of D-SIB nor moderated the association with life events. Analyses of individual events identified a range of mainly interpersonal events within both family and peer group as proximal risk factors for first episode D-SIB. The results support the critical role of interpersonal life events in the development of D-SIB for both genders and refine the conceptualization of proximal risk factors in terms of accumulated stressors and interpersonal events.
COBISS.SI-ID: 1541686980
The study tested the bidirectional effect and the chronicity versus sporadic effect of physical, verbal, and relational bullying victimization on suicidal ideation/attempts and depression. Longitudinal assessments with an interval of 3- and 12-months were performed within a sample of 2,933 adolescents (56.1% females; mean age 14.78, SD = 0.89) from 10 European countries. Victimization was considered chronic when a student was victimized in the first two time points and sporadic when it was reported at one point but not in another. Bidirectional prospective association between all types of victimization and depression were found. Among participants, who reported victimization once, physical victimization was associated with later suicidal ideation and attempts. Chronic victimization of any type increased likelihood for later depression compared with sporadic and no-victimization. Chronic relational victimization increased the likelihood of later suicidal ideation, and chronic physical victimization increased the likelihood for suicidal attempts. The results support the bidirectional effect of victimization and depression and indicate complex longitudinal associations between victimization and suicidal ideation/attempts. Interventions should focus on victimization as a cause of distress but also aim to prevent vulnerable adolescents from becoming targets of victimization.
COBISS.SI-ID: 1540954308
Namen tega preglednega članka je predstaviti pomembne ugotovitve raziskav na področju preprečevanja samomora, strategij za odkrivanje posameznikov s povišanim tveganjem za samomor in strategij za zmanjšanje tveganja za samomor med splošno populacijo ter v ogroženih skupinah. Priljubljene strategije za odkrivanje posameznikov s povišanim tveganjem za samomor vključujejo pregledovanje objav v družbenih medijih, modele napovedovanja z uporabo podatkov elektronskih zdravstvenih zapisov, pa tudi uporabo preizkušene metodologije vzorčenja za izboljšanje razumevanja samomorilnega procesa. Pojavljajoči se pristopi k zmanjšanju tveganja za samomor vključujejo razvoj priporočil za medijsko poročanje, množične kampanje za izboljšanje znanja, stališč in vedenja, pa tudi tehnološko izboljšane intervencije. V zadnjem času so se pojavili novi obetavni pristopi za odkrivanje posameznikov s povišanim tveganjem za samomor in učinkovite strategije za zmanjšanje tveganja. Ali bodo te nove priložnosti pomenile učinkovito znižanje števila samomorov, bo potrebno še ugotoviti.
COBISS.SI-ID: 1541751236