The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a bidirectional homeostatic route of communication between both of the organs direct via receptors of the CNS or via epigenetic mechanisms of divers metabolites e.g. SCFA, GABA, [beta] -hydroxybutyrate. Thus, a modulation of gut microbiota via nutrition, lifestyle etc. might be effective for emotional status and depressive disorders. The dietary composition has an influence on gut microbiota composition, microbial metabolite profile and the according consequences on emotional status and depression within a system biologic approach. There are changes in gut microbiota composition and gut microbial profile (butyrate, GABA, [beta] -hydroxybutyrate) effecting epigenetic regulation (histone acetylation, DNA methylation) and gene expression of receptors and mediators (SLC6A4, BDNF, GABA, GPRs) involved in depressive disorders.
COBISS.SI-ID: 33824473
Depression is estimated to affect 350 million people worldwide. The World Mental Health Survey conducted in 17 countries found that, on average, about one in 20 people reported having an episode of depression in the previous year. Although depression has been shown to be moderately heritable by studies conducted in the past, the search for its so-called missing heritability has so far been unsuccessful. The difficulty in identifying common genetic variants predisposing to depression could be due to large sample sizes needed to detect small effects on genetic risk and the heterogeneous nature of major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of our study was to determine whether there was a connection between a family history of depres- sion in MDD patients and the presence of putative risk variants in the well-studied SLC6A4 , COMT and PCLO genes. We analyzed 133 patients with MDD (30.0% with a positive family history for MDD and 70.0% sporadic cases) and compared them to 279 healthy controls. When comparing all the depressed patients to controls, no signifi - cant differences in genotype and allele distributions were detected. After stratifying patients according to their family history, the PCLO rs2522833 C allele was shown to be significantly less common in patients with a positive family history ( p = 0.001), indicating a possible difference in the genetic structure of MDD between familial and sporadic cases and a less important role of the common genetic risk variants for the...
COBISS.SI-ID: 34052825
Background: Dementias are clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders. Often, dementias with genetic etiology are clinically indistinguishable from non-genetic ones. The aim of this retrospective study was to evalua te the yield of clinical exome sequencing in dementias, potentially associated with monogenic genetic predisposition. Subjects and methods: For this purpose 20 consecutive patients younger than 65 years were studied in the period from January 2014 to December 2017; 14 with the diagnosis of Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), 3 with early-onset Alzheimer disease (EOAD) and 3 with unspecified dementia. In addition to clinical exome sequencing including 57 genes associated with dementia, C9orf72 hexanucleotide expansion as tested in all patients. Results: We found genetic etiology in 6 patients: 2 mutations in the PSEN1 gene (p.Pro264Ser and p.Phe105Cys) in the EOAD patients, C9orf72 expansion and MAPT (c.1920+16C)T), mutation in the FTD group of patients as well as MAPT (c.1920+16C)T) mutation and likely pathogenic mutation in the TYROBP mutation (p.Asp32Asn) in patients with unspecified diagnosis. Conclusions: Our preliminary results imply significant diagnostic yield in identifying rare genetic causes of dementia, combining comprehensive clinical exome sequencing and targeted C9orf72 expansion testing.
COBISS.SI-ID: 33824729
Background: Suicide is a complex action of suicidal methods and peripheral factors with seemingly threatening components representing actual cause for the suicidal actions. It is especially those, apparently unimportant factors that represent a cru cial milestone in the network of all the other, personal, cultural, genetic and biochemical factors, forming the method of action consequently deciding between life and death. Subjects and methods: Based on the Register of Suicides in the Republic of Slovenia kept by the University Psychiatric Clinic Ljubljana, we used a combination of attributes varying within a variable and between variables. Due to limited application of standard statistical methods and analyses in such cases, we used the Machine learning method, Multimethod hybrid approach, whic h allows combining of different approaches to machine learning (decision trees, genetic algorithms and supplementary vectors). Th e research included 56712 persons attempting suicide and 21913 persons committing suicide. We chose a form of a suicide action wi th both possible results: attempted suicide and suicide. Results: Based on the analysis of machine learning, we defined attributes of the action regarding their lethal effect: attempted suicide and suicide commitment. The suicide register kept for the last 40 years shows hanging as the most commonly used suicida l method, used by men with the purpose of causing suicidal death rather than a suicidal attempt. On the other hand, use...
COBISS.SI-ID: 33958361