Projects / Programmes
| Code |
Science |
Field |
Subfield |
| 4.03.01 |
Biotechnical sciences |
Plant production |
Agricultural plants |
| Code |
Science |
Field |
| B006 |
Biomedical sciences |
Agronomics |
| Code |
Science |
Field |
| 4.01 |
Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences |
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries |
grain legumes, soybean, production system, growth and development, protein strategy
Researchers (15)
Organisations (4)
Abstract
In this project proposal we analysed literature and situation in grain legumes production, especially of soybean. The fact is that EU imports 70% of high protein crops, which accounted in 2011 14% of world-wide production of soybean produced on 15 M ha of arable land outside the Europa. Directorate general for internal policies in the study 'The environmental role of protein crops in the new common agricultural policy' (European parliament, 2013) to stress importance of decreasing of dependence on import and reduction of mineral nitrogen fertilisers, Production need to be more profitable with less environmentally pollution according to Nitrate directive. Grain legumes have many beneficial effects including biodiversity based on intercrops. While legumes did not included into agricultural-environmental schemes till now, CAP from 1014 to 2020 will support inclusion of grain legumes into reformed schemes.
Slovenian production of grain legumes represents just 0,23% of field area, and soyben is produced on less than 200 ha.
For those the aims of the project are: decreasing dependence of imported GM soybean from Brasilia and establishing better conditions for local production of plant and animal origin food; to investigate possibilities for increasing percentage of protein crops; evaluation possibilities for introduction of soybean into Slovenian crop rotation and to establish a concept of national sowing structure of grain legumes. Partners University of Maribor, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences-UMFKBV, Slovenian Agricultural institute - KIS, University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical faculty-ULBF) and Institute of Environment and spatial planning (IOP) will lead the chapters and cooperate for establishing the individual aims of the project.
The content of proposed project is follows:
Analyses of possibilities of increasing of percentage of protein grain legumes on arable lands and possibilities for their increasing in crop rotations, proposal for crop structure in the country which will include more grain legumes into crop rotation.
Based on field trials recommendations of appropriate integrated and organic cultivation systems will be provided.
In the field trials the actual varieties will be carried out on higher plots than are standard areas, with four repetitions. Analyses of plant growth and development will be provided based on suggested methodology from COBRA project and will be the same in all trials. The sampling, analyses and statistical analyses will be carried out in the accordance with standard research procedures (see references of proposed research group in this project). The proposed trials of this project are follows:
KIS will establish trials with integrated crop production of soybean at two types of soils and introduction trials of soybean varieties in the years 2015 and 2016. While we haven't comparable results with other grain legumes they will compare in trials feed pea (Pisum sativum) and horse bean (Vicia faba). This two grain legumes showed in the past results as very interesting crops for Slovene climatic conditions. Grain yield, crude proteins and crude fats will be analysed at dry grain bases. In case of feed pea will be used standard procedure, in case of horse bean internal procedure for varietal trials. Especially will be analysed negative humid climatic effect at late autumn harvest of soybean, like frequencies of rainfalls and plant diseases.
UMFKBV will compare on long term trials different production systems (conventional, integrated organic, 8th and 10th year of experiment, 9th year crop rotation break, relevance - see published papers with IF). The base of methodology are national regulations of integrated crop production (Pravilnik o integrirani pridelavi poljščin (UL 110/2011) and organic regulations (EC 834/2007 2007; 889/2008, UL RS 71/2010). At the practical field level will established trial in repetitions with follows treatment: sowing soybean after use roller crimper after cereal
Significance for science
Uvajanje zrnatih stročnic in še posebej soje v pridelovalne razmere podonavskega bazene in Slovenije je velik izziv za stroko, pa tudi za raziskovalce saj je glede na okoljevarstvene trende potrebno najti nove rešitve za zmanjšanje negativnih okoljevarstvenih vplivov na okolje in doseči konkurenčne pridelke, vključno z odgovorom na vprašanje o primernosti soje za s težkimi kovinami onesnažena tla. Že sama ideja o pridelovanju gensko nespremenjene soje je lahko pomemben prispevek k varovanju biodiverzitete, predvsem pa so tu potrebna nova znanja v povezavi s konkurenčnostjo plevelov na rast soje, še posebej če uporabljamo nam nepoznana česala, kombinacije z okopalniki ali pa setev v povaljano žito, itd. Pomebno je v naših pridelovalnih razmerah poznati tudi odziv rastline na različne pridelovalne razmere in pridelovalne sisteme. Verjetno ni potrebno posebej poudariti, da ima projekt še posebej velik pomen pri pridobivanju novih znanj na področju oskrbe rastlin z dušikom v razmerah spremenjene setvene strukture in kolobarja.
Significance for the country
Soja je dokaj prilagodljiva rastlina na klimatske in talne razmere, kljub temu pa v Evropi pridelujemo le 2,5% potreb po soji, v Sloveniji pa soja predstavljajo zrnate stročnice le 0,23% poljščin v strukturi. V državah Evropske zveze, pa tudi v Sloveniji v primeru mlečnih proizvodov se vse bolj uveljavlja blagovna znamka 'pridelano ali proizvedeno brez GSO'. V Sloveniji je to edina realna podpora potrošnikov lokalni oskrbi, saj le-ta nelogično temelji na prek Atlantika uvoženi GS soji (97,5%) in koruzi. Cilj združenja Donau Soya je 20% pokritje potreb po lastni pridelani soji.
Predstavljene perspektive in izračuni za lastno pridelavo in uporabo za ekološko rejo prašičev in piščancev so več kot vzpodbudne (Bavec, Aktualno na področju ekološkega kmetijstva 2014). Lastna cena ekološkega eko piščanca je okoli 3,32 EUR, prodajna pa vsaj okoli 8 EUR/kg. LC prašičjega mesa pa lahko glede na konzumacijo doseže 2,7 EUR/kg polovice, prodajna cena pa bi glede na ankete znašala 7 do 9 EUR/kg mesa.
Lastna pridelava gensko nespremenjene soje je za Slovenijo še posebej pomembna iz razloga blagovne znamke brez GSO. Kot zelo pozitiven premik v tej smeri se je pokazala blagovna znamka za mlečne produkte prirejene brez GSO, kar zagotavlja edino dejansko lokalno proizvodnjo. V primeru projekta Donau Soya Avstrija predvideva v nekaterih blagovnih verigah izključno brez GSO vzrejene produkte (npr. jajca), kar pomeni da moramo te in podobne tržne niše zapolniti z lastnimi produkti.
Projekt in projektne dejavnosti imajo lahko izreden pomen k zmanjšanju uvoza beljakovinske krme in hrane za ljudi. S povečanjem pridelave bi se zmanjšala odvisnost od tujih trgov, Slovenija pa lahko zapolni tudi tržne produkte 'brez GSO', ki jih bomo sicer kupovali iz tujih pridelovalnih verig.
Most important scientific results
Annual report
2015,
2016,
final report
Most important socioeconomically and culturally relevant results
Annual report
2015,
2016,
final report
