Projects / Programmes
Development of tissue engineered bone for use in periodontology, traumatology and orthopaedic surgery
| Code |
Science |
Field |
Subfield |
| 4.06.00 |
Biotechnical sciences |
Biotechnology |
|
| Code |
Science |
Field |
| T490 |
Technological sciences |
Biotechnology |
| B580 |
Biomedical sciences |
Skeleton, muscle system, rheumatology locomotion |
tissue engineering; bone; cell culturing; biomaterials; osteoblasts; mesenchymal stem cells; phenotype analysis; orthopedy; periodontology
Researchers (15)
Organisations (5)
Abstract
Bone repair is an attractive and natural target for tissue engineering, as bone regeneration is needed for the therapy of numerous serious clinical indications. For example: in large segmental defects of diaphyseal bone, connected with acute injury as well as in other massive defects, present secondary to congenital malformations, benign and malignant tumors or osseous infections. In addition, there is a substantial need for bone regeneration therapy in spinal arthrodesis, fixation of prosthetic implants and restoration of maxilofacial structures.
Currently, autogenous bone is most frequently used by surgeons and is the graft treatment of choice to augment and restore deficient osseous structures. Unfortunately, for many patients, there is insufficient autologous material available. Consequently, allogeneic bank bone is an alternative. However, allogeneic bone has limitations that may include viral contamination and perhaps postoperative complications. Alternatives to autologous and allogeneic preparations are also different biocompatible materials, such as calcium-phosphates, biologically active glass, polymers and several combinations of bone derivatives, usually based on collagen. Sometimes, combinations of biomaterials and growth factors are used. The listed biocomparible materials represent the basis for tissue engineering of bone.
Tissue-engineered bone substitute is composed of (a) scaffold (biocompatible and biodegradable material), (b) cells with osteogenic potential and optionally (c) signal molecules that will promote cell recruitment, mitogenesis, differentiation and renewal.
The aim of our work is to develop biological substitute for bone that will enable successfull and fast regeneration of vital bone tissue with adequate biomechanic properties. After first successfull experiments of isolation, cultivation and differentiation of bone cells, we plan to test the suitability of different biocompatible and biodegradable materials as scaffolds for cultivation of cells with osteogenic potential. We will focus on biomaterials that are already being used in clinical pactice for the filling of bone defects. We want to develop bone substitute based on patient"s autologous cells for reconstruction of damaged bone in periodontology, orthopedy and traumatology.
